31 Network-Based Models for a Sustainable and Inclusive Bioeconomy BIOLOC promotes business models that are not only economically viable, but also deeply responsive to the social and ecological realities of the regions where they emerge. These models are rooted in place, developed in collaboration with local stakeholders, and designed to create long-term impact by aligning with the principles of the circular bioeconomy. From the beginning, BIOLOC recognised that innovation in business must go beyond traditional frameworks. Especially in regions facing marginalisation, depopulation, or economic decline, new economic models must reflect local priorities, cultural values, and available resources. Through close cooperation with its twelve regional hubs, BIOLOC has co-developed a portfolio of business models that respond to this need—models that are both placebased and adaptable, grounded in real-life cases and informed by lived experience. The business model development process drew on two structured tools: the Nature-Based Solutions Business Model Canvas and the Triple Layered Business Model Canvas. The first was applied where initiatives were closely tied to ecological restoration, natural resources, or biodiversity. The second was used where a broader systems perspective was required—capturing economic, social, and environmental considerations in parallel. These canvases helped local actors articulate the value they create, the partnerships they depend on, and the longterm sustainability of their efforts. Business Models 4
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